The ability of plant communities in natural ecosystems to modify temperature has become increasingly important due to the profound impacts of global climate change, particularly in arid regions. However, previous studies have provided limited information on the long-term temperature feedback of these plant communities and the biotic drivers behind these changes. This study aimed to determine the functional traits and types of plant communities as biotic drivers of land surface temperature (LST) at the plant community scale, with a focus on identifying co-functioning communities in the Sirjan region of Kerman Province. To achieve this, we utilized the MODIS-LST 8-day composite product at the plant community scale and measured functional traits of dominant species through field operations. The results revealed that leaf dry matter content (LDMC), maximum height (MH), and leaf width (LW) traits significantly reduce LST. Additionally, cluster analysis indicated that the plant communities in the study area can be classified into five functional groups, which fall into two co-function categories. The S-strategized co-function (e.g., 26 communities), characterized by high LDMC values and a combination of abrupt and trend feedback in LST, was found to be more effective than the R-strategized co-function (e.g., 13 communities), which exhibited only trend feedback. Therefore, it can be argued that extreme temperatures, as a global concern, can be mitigated through careful selection of vegetation based on functional traits and strategies. This approach, particularly through rangeland improvement practices using species such as Astragalus spachianus, Cornulaca monacantha, and Launaea acanthodes, could play a significant role in addressing this challenge.

Background: In modern societies increasing tend to cosmetic surgery is worrying concern. This study was conducted to determine Affecting personality traits on tendency toward cosmetic surgeries among students of Alborz medical sciences university. Method: This study was cross sectional ( descriptive-analytical ) study. The statistical population was 1563 students from Alborz medical sciences university. The sample size was 352 students that were selected by s random sampling methods. NEO questionnaire (with 60 question) used for measuring the personality traits of the subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS 10 software Chi-squared test was used for comparing frequencies. Results: Among Students who were interested or performed cosmetic surgery 32. 14% were extraverted, 25% were conscientious and well-organized, 21. 48% were openness, 14. 28% percent were neurotic, 7. 1% percent were Agreeableness to the cosmetic surgery. Conclusion: The most effective personality trait on tendency toward cosmetic surgeries was extraversion and the least one, was agreeableness. The current study findings showed the impact of the psychological factors in request for cosmetic surgery. According to the findings of the study, the age of audiences and personality traits had a significant relation with tendency to the cosmetic surgery, Policymakers and university officials, with design and implement workshops in raising awareness of the students about the negative and positive dimensions of these surgeries, and preventing from the blind imitation.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of generative learning teaching based to pattern cognitive Load on the memorization math of 7th grade students of in the academic year of 2021- 2022. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with four groups: two control group and two experimental groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 7th grade male and female students of District 2 of Mashhad city that 112 person sample was selected by single stage cluster sampling method. The subjects in the experimental group involved in generative learning based to cognitive Load in 16 sessions and the control group did not receive any interventions. The research instrument consisted of a 20-questions researcher-made test. To analyze the obtained data, Multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS version 24 software were used. The results showed that generative learning teaching based to approach cognitive Load have a positive and significant effect on 7th grade students' memorization math. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that one of the effective training on math memorization students is the use of generative learning on the based load cognitive pattern.

In order to identify the correlations and relationships between different traits in the bread wheat, 30 genotypes were investigated as sub-factors under the split plot experiment in the completely randomized design in greenhouse and the randomized complete block design in the field with three replications under the normal irrigation and post-anthesis water stress conditions. The results of the canonical correlation analysis showed that at both normal and moisture stress levels, there was a significant correlation between the pair of canonical variables obtained from the phenological traits and the yield components. Under the normal conditions in the greenhouse, to increase the spike density and length, the number of days to 50% flowering can be considered as a suitable selection criterion. According to the results of canonical correlation analysis, under the stressed conditions in greenhouse, to increase the spike length, the number of days to the heading, maturity and 50% of flowering were among the important and effective factors. Under the optimum irrigation conditions in the field, the number of days to maturity was considered as one of the factors influencing the seed weight per spike. The results of canonical correlation analysis under the field stress conditions showed that to increase the 1000-seed weight, the number of days to maturity can be considered an appropriate selection criterion.

Correlation coefficient indicates only size and sign of relationship between traits. Path analysis can determine direct and indirect effects. Thus, plant breeders use path analysis to identify effective traits on yield. An investigation was conducted in unbalanced CRD including 27 genotypes (7 Poa species) collected from different parts of Zanjan province. Significant relationship was found by simple correlation coefficient among yield and traits, including spike weight, stem weight, spike length, pollination date, flowering date, stem number and leaf to stem ratio. After regression analysis, number of effective traits reduced to four traits, including spike weight, fresh forage weight, crown diameter and plant height. Final equation explained 96 percent of total variation. Eventually, path analysis showed that spike weight and fresh forage weight had the most direct effect on yield.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the personality traits including’s: depression, anxiety, and stress among individuals with Multiple sclerosis (MS) and comparing this characteristic with normal individuals. Materials and Methods: Eighty person with MS (56 female, 31/62±6/88 year, and 24 males, 31/87±8/85 year) and 78 individual without MS (56 female, age: 33/20±6/60 year; 22 male, age: 32/00±7/73 year) selected through random sampling from MS Society in Tehran and MS clinic in Emam Reza hospital in Tabriz university of medical sciences and then divided to four groups: female with MS, male with MS, female without MS, male without MS. Variables of our study were neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, depression, anxiety, and stress which assessed via brief form of NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42).Results: Tukey showed that mean score of neuroticism, depression, anxiety, and stress in male and female with MS were higher than those in female and male without MS, and mean score of extroversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness’ in male and female with MS were lower than those in female and male without MS.Conclusion: Personality profile of individuals with MS is a combination of neuroticism, low extroversion; openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness and high mean score of depression, anxiety, and stress.

In order to evaluate morphological and agronomic traits in 40 barley lines, an experiment was conducted using completely randomized block design with three replications. Significant differences were observed among lines with respect to all the traits except harvest index and number of infertile tiller indicating high genetic diversity in the studied materials. Lines number 10, 13, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27 and 31 were superior considering grain yield and most of the measured traits. Significant and positive correlations were found between grain yield and biomass, number of fertile and infertile tiller, harvest index, plant height and spike length. In multiple regression analysis, spike length, awn length, 1000 grain weight, biomass and fertile tillers were entered in the final model. In the path analysis based on multiple regression analysis, grain yield was considered as dependent variable and number of fertile tiller, biomass, 100 grains weight, spike length and own length as independent variable. The highest direct and positive effect on grain yield was attributed by biomass and maximum indirect effect was observed for number of fertile litter via biomass.

This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of body weight traits in Markhoz goats, using B-spline random regression models. The data used in this study included 19549 records collected during 29 years (1992-2021) in Markhoz goat Breeding Research Station, located in Sanandaj, Iran. The model used to analyze data included fixed effects (year of birth, sex, type of birth and age of dam) and random effects including direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic, permanent environmental and maternal permanent environmental assuming homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variance during the time. Akaike (BIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria were used to compare the models and bspq.4.4.4.4 was selected as the best model. The direct heritability values for birth, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month weights were estimated to be 0.14, 0.16, 0.08, 0.28 and 0.26, respectively. Genetic correlation between body weights at birth and 3-month, birth and 6-month, birth and 9-month, birth and 12-month, 3-month and 6-month, 3-month and 9-month, 3-month and 12-month, 6-months and 9-month and 9-month and 12-month were 0.22, 0.38, 0.21, 0.56, -0.26, 0.30, 0.62, 0.86 and 0.77, respectively. The highest phenotypic correlation was between the weight of 9-month and 12-month (0.82) and the lowest correlation was between birth weight and 3-month and 6-month (0.12). The results showed that the 9-month weight is a good criterion for selection in Markhoz goats.